Variables of interest

Presence of DR n = 71 n (%)

Absence of DR n = 128 n (%)

P-value

Vitamin D deficiency

65 (91.5)

88 (68.2)

<0.0001

Vitamin E deficiency

70 (98.6)

91 (70.5)

<0.0001

Vitamin C deficiency

62 (87.3)

76 (58.9)

<0.0001

Elevated SOD

46 (64.8)

39 (30.2)

<0.0001

Elevated 8-OHdG

62 (87.3)

60 (46.5)

<0.0001

Elevated 8-Isoprostane

62 (87.3)

52 (42.6)

0.0001

Insulin resistance (IR)

49 (69)

35 (27.1)

<0.0001

Elevated ApoB

52 (73.2)

64 (49.6)

<0.001

HDL-C (low)

31 (43.7)

64 (49.6)

0.420

Albumin (low level)

48 (67.6)

71 (51)

0.056

Elevated TBARS

65 (91.5)

79 (61.2)

<0.0001

10-year Framingham risk

<0.0001

≥10%

53 (74.6)

25 (19.4)

<10%

18 (25.4)

25 (80.6)